Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine malignancy. There has been exciting progress in
understanding its molecular pathogenesis in recent years, as best exemplified by the …

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer. The discovery of new biomarkers for
thyroid cancer has significantly improved the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis …

The identification of driver oncogenes has provided important targets for drugs that can
change the landscape of cancer therapies. One such example is the BRAF oncogene, which …

Background: Oncogenic BRAF mutations are commonly found in advanced differentiated
thyroid cancer (DTC), and reports have shown efficacy of BRAF inhibitors in these tumors …

Advanced human thyroid cancers, particularly those that are refractory to treatment with
radioiodine (RAI), have a high prevalence of BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene …

Background: Mutations of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) are
commonly identified in papillary and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and are associated with …

Background: Aberrant activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway
plays a fundamental role in thyroid tumorigenesis, particularly in follicular thyroid cancer …

Background: Clinical benefit from cytotoxic chemotherapy for metastatic papillary thyroid
carcinoma (PTC) is disappointing, and effective therapeutic approaches for these patients …

The protein kinase BRAF is a key component of the RAS–RAF signaling pathway which
plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Mutations …

Backgrounds Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), which is often driven by acquired somatic
mutations in BRAF genes, is the most common pathologic type of thyroid cancer. PTC has …