Organisms evolve in response to their natural environment. Consideration of natural
ecological parameters are thus of key importance for our understanding of an organism's …

The genetically tractable model organism Caenorhabditis elegans was first used to model
bacterial virulence in vivo a decade ago. Since then, great strides have been made in …

Parasitic nematodes (roundworms) and platyhelminths (flatworms) cause debilitating
chronic infections of humans and animals, decimate crop production and are a major …

Summary Reduced insulin/IGF-1-like signaling (IIS) extends C. elegans lifespan by
upregulating stress response (class I) and downregulating other (class II) genes through a …

The PMK-1 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and the DAF-2–DAF-16 insulin
signaling pathway control Caenorhabditis elegans intestinal innate immunity. pmk-1 loss-of …

Distinguishing infectious pathogens from harmless microorganisms is essential for animal
health. The mechanisms used to identify infectious microbes are not fully understood …

Background In many animals, the epidermis is in permanent contact with the environment
and represents a first line of defense against pathogens and injury. Infection of the …

Mild inhibition of mitochondrial respiration extends the lifespan of many species. In
Caenorhabditis elegans, reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote longevity by activating …

The detection and compensatory response to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER), termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), represents a …

Infected animals will produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other inflammatory
molecules that help fight pathogens, but can inadvertently damage host tissue. Therefore …