Surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are soluble innate immune molecules which
maintain lung homeostasis through their dual roles as anti-infectious and …

Pulmonary surfactant is a lipid/protein complex synthesized by the alveolar epithelium and
secreted into the airspaces, where it coats and protects the large respiratory air–liquid …

Background It is well established that airway remodeling and inflammation are
characteristics for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Moreover, cigarette …

Airway inflammation, driven by different types of inflammatory cells and mediators, plays a
fundamental role in COPD and its progression. Neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, and …

Increased levels of surfactant protein D (SP-D) and lipid-laden foamy macrophages (FMs)
are frequently found under oxidative stress conditions and/or in patients with chronic …

The alveolar epithelium is covered by a non-cellular layer consisting of an aqueous
hypophase topped by pulmonary surfactant, a lipo-protein mixture with surface-active …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 31% of all global deaths. Atherosclerosis is
the major cause of cardiovascular disease and is a chronic inflammatory disorder in the …

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a familiar airway disease
characterized by chronic immune response in the lungs. More and more evidences have …

Many inhalation exposures induce pulmonary inflammation contributing to disease
progression. Inflammatory processes are actively regulated via mediators including …

Aims Smoking is an important risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to further elucidate the …