Abstract Since the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment
Report, new observations of ice-sheet mass balance and improved computer simulations of …

Satellite observations have transformed our understanding of the Antarctic cryosphere. The
continent holds the vast majority of Earth's fresh water, and blankets swathes of the Southern …

Abstract Fluctuations in Antarctic Ice Sheet elevation and mass occur over a variety of time
scales, owing to changes in snowfall and ice flow. Here we disentangle these signals by …

Previous studies have shown strong contrasting trends in annual sea ice duration and in
monthly sea ice concentration in two regions of the Southern Ocean: decreases in the …

Large uncertainties remain in the current and future contribution to sea level rise from
Antarctica. Climate warming may increase snowfall in the continent's interior,,, but enhance …

In recent decades, seven out of twelve ice shelves around the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) have
either retreated significantly or have been almost entirely lost. At least some of these retreats …

To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system–a collection of
interdependent parts or spheres–the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the …

Glacier changes are having impacts on processes of global importance such as sea-level
rise, hydrology of mountain-fed rivers, freshwater balance of oceans, and even the shape …

A new set of climate change scenarios for 2050 for the Netherlands was produced recently.
The scenarios span a wide range of possible future climate conditions, and include climate …

Here we present a new assessment of Antarctic climate change over the 21st century based
on data from the models that were developed as part of the Intergovernmental Panel on …