This paper aims to provide a systemic review of how indoor sensors influence in managing
optimal energy saving, thermal comfort, visual comfort, and indoor air quality in the built …

The building stock in the world consumes approximately 40% of the energy and emits one
third of the total greenhouse gases emissions (GHG). Improving the energy efficiency in …

Abstract Design optimisation problems of window size and façade orientation in buildings
have been investigated many times, with regard to energy and comfort criteria. To indicate …

Daylight has been recognized as a free energy and cost effective alternative to artificial
lighting for sustainable building design. It could also provide a more pleasant and attractive …

Window design is decisive in providing appropriate visual comfort for occupants and
sufficient energy savings in electric lighting. In daylighting, visual comfort is dependent on …

The built environment contributes significantly to rapidly growing world energy expenditure
and tighter spatial interrelationships can exacerbate this effect in cities. The concept of the …

With the development of urbanization, more and more commercial buildings are built in
cities, which is resulting in a large amount of building energy consumption that threatens the …

Optimisation of shading devices in buildings is a broadly investigated topic; however, most
studies only focus on a single façade orientation, since the observed buildings are typically …

Facing urban problems such as rapid urbanization, air pollution, heatwaves, and urban
flooding, the underground space, as a significant urban composition, has demonstrated the …

The proper design of courtyards and atriums is key in providing sufficient daylight inside
buildings as well as major energy savings in electric lighting. Although a suitable design …