Quantum blockchain is expected to offer an alternative to classical blockchain to resist
malicious attacks laughed by future quantum computers. Although a few quantum …

Web 3.0 pursues the establishment of decentralized ecosystems based on blockchain
technologies to drive the digital transformation of physical commerce and governance …

Coherence plays a very important role in Grover search algorithm (GSA). In this paper, we
define the normalization coherence $\mathds {N}(C) $, where C is a coherence …

Quantum homomorphic encryption (QHE) is allowed to perform operations on encrypted
data which is very useful for delegated quantum computing in quantum cloud environments …

Quantum homomorphic encryption can afford secure and convenient delegating
computations for the client with weak computing power. The process of the server …

Web 3.0 pursues the establishment of decentralized ecosystems through blockchain
technologies, driving digital transformation in commerce and governance. With consensus …

Semi-quantum private comparison (SQPC) allows two parties with limited quantum
capability to compare their private secrets for equality with the assistance of a quantum third …

How to ensure privacy security and improve computing efficiency is a research hotspot in the
field of machine learning. Among them, how to balance the interests of users, cloud servers …

Multiparty delegated quantum computation (MDQC) allows multiple clients with limited
quantum capability to jointly complete a quantum computational task with the aid of an …

Distance metric is an important subroutine of some artificial intelligence algorithms such as
classification and clustering algorithms. However, when a distance metric such as …