Aging is a major risk factor for many diseases including metabolic syndrome, cancer,
inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Identifying mechanistic common denominators …

Consolidation is the progressive postacquisition stabilization of long-term memory. The term
is commonly used to refer to two types of processes: synaptic consolidation, which is …

Abstract 'New'memories are initially labile and sensitive to disruption before being
consolidated into stable long-term memories,,,,. Much evidence indicates that this …

Emotions are multifaceted, but a key aspect of emotion involves the assessment of the value
of environmental stimuli. This article reviews the many psychological representations …

We have recently shown that damage to the insula leads to a profound disruption of
addiction to cigarette smoking (Naqvi et al., Science 315: 531–534, 2007). Yet, there is little …

Social recognition memory is an essential and basic component of social behavior that is
used to discriminate familiar and novel animals/humans. Previous studies have shown the …

Biological aging can be described as accumulative, prolonged metabolic stress and is the
major risk factor for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, we identified …

The neural mechanisms by which fear is inhibited are poorly understood at the present time.
Behaviorally, a conditioned fear response may be reduced in intensity through a number of …

The mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAP kinase, MAPK) cascade, as the name implies,
was originally discovered as a critical regulator of cell division and differentiation. As further …

The induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is
associated with a rapid and robust transcription of the immediate early gene Zif268. We …