Background A relevant proportion of patients with suspected coronary artery disease
undergo invasive coronary angiography showing normal or nonobstructive coronary …

Angina with nonobstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA) is increasingly recognized and may
affect nearly one-half of patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography for suspected …

Background Exercise electrocardiographic stress testing (EST) has historically been
validated against the demonstration of obstructive coronary artery disease. However …

Aims Angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA) is common. A potential
cause of angina in this patient population is a myocardial bridge (MB). We aimed to study …

There is an increasing interest in the role of echocardiography in the evaluation of primary
microvascular angina, which is attributed to primary coronary microvascular dysfunction …

SCMR Chest Pain Guideline has many important implications for the field of cardiovascular
imaging. Although this guideline offers a thoughtful consensus document created by various …

It has been well established that diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as a core risk factor for
the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, what is less appreciated is the fact …

Objectives: Review the indications for treadmill testing. Identify the contraindications to a
treadmill test. Explain the clinical significance of a treadmill test. Summarize a structured …

Abstract Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is threefold:(i) to give an overview of
well-established invasive methods for assessing patients with ischemia with no obstructive …

Background: Intracoronary acetylcholine (Ach) provocation testing is the gold standard for
assessing coronary endothelial function. However, dosing regimens of Ach are quite varied …