The immune response consists of a finely-tuned program, the activation of which must be
coupled with inhibitory mechanisms whenever initiated. This ensures tight control of …

The idea that tumors must “escape” from immune recognition contains the implicit
assumption that tumors can be destroyed by immune responses either spontaneously or as …

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have been used to redirect the specificity of autologous
T cells against leukemia and lymphoma with promising clinical results. Extending this …

Multiple factors in the design of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) influence CAR T-cell
activity, with costimulatory signals being a key component. Yet, the impact of costimulatory …

Natural-killer (NK) cells form a first line of defence against pathogens or host cells that are
stressed and/or cancerous. NK cells express surface receptors that receive signals from the …

Ischemic acute renal failure: An inflammatory disease? Inflammation plays a major role in
the pathophysiology of acute renal failure resulting from ischemia. In this review, we discuss …

One of the hallmarks of the vertebrate adaptive immune system is the prolific expansion of
individual cell clones that encounter their cognate antigen. More recently, however, there is …

Natural killer (NK) cells provide innate control of infected and neoplastic cells. Multiple
receptors have been implicated in natural cytotoxicity, but their individual contribution …

NK-92, a highly cytotoxic, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent human natural killer (NK) cell line,
has been of interest for basic and translational research. We report on a comprehensive …

Thalidomide and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), which target multiple myeloma (MM)
cells and the bone marrow microenvironment, can overcome drug resistance. These agents …