Cruel oil or green gold is a dilemma for the oil palm industry. The oil palm industry (planting
and milling) has a devastating impact on the environment and ecosystems. Oil palm …

Palm oil is both the world's most-used vegetable oil and the most criticized for its
environmental impact due to the observed reduction in tropical forest areas for its cultivation …

Tropical primary forests have been disappearing quickly to make use of the land for
commercial purposes. Land-use change has an impact on downstream aquatic processes …

Meeting the global demand for palm oil poses great sustainability challenges. Indonesia is
experiencing one of the largest oil palm expansions worldwide. Important socioeconomic …

Oil palm has become an important source of revenue for smallholders in Indonesia, but
productivity of smallholder plantations is generally poor. Nutrient limitations have been …

In Indonesia more than 40% of the area under oil palm is owned by smallholders. The
productivity in smallholder plantations is usually less than in large plantations, and limited …

Biofuel feedstock production can be a significant driver of landscape modification,
ecosystem change and biodiversity loss. There is growing body of literature that shows how …

Oil palm plantations in Southeast Asia are the largest supplier of palm oil products and have
been rapidly expanding in the last three decades even in peat-swamp areas. Oil palm …

Many people have commonly addressed that oil palm plantations release much more water
from the ground by evapotranspiration compared to other crops. The current research …

By mediating evapotranspiration processes, plant canopies play an important role in the
terrestrial water cycle and regional climate. Substantial uncertainties exist in modeling …