Ever since the discovery of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), studies have been
undertaken to understand its necessity, function and mechanism of action on normal …

Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality with a significant health
burden worldwide and few treatment options. Among the short-and long-term effects of …

Intraspecific aggression is influenced in numerous animal groups by the previous behavioral
experiences of the competitors. The underlying mechanisms are, however, mostly obscure …

The neuromodulator noradrenaline (NA) is released in almost all brain areas in a highly
diffused manner. Its action is slow, as it acts through G protein-coupled receptors, but its …

The mounting problem of antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus has prompted
renewed efforts toward the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. The present study was …

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep loss impairs several physiological, behavioral and
cellular processes; however, the mechanism of action was unknown. To understand the …

AIMS: Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase are enzymes known to maintain
intracellular gradients of ions that are essential for signal transduction. The aim of this study …

Sleep and wakefulness are instinctive behaviours that are present across the animal
species. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a unique biological phenomenon expressed …

The catecholamine-containing brainstem nuclei locus coeruleus (LC) and ventral tegmental
area (VTA) are critically involved in stress responses. Alterations of catecholamine systems …

Analyzing ground-breaking research, this reference highlights the impact of sleep
deprivation on the well-being of the individual and society-presenting current theories on the …