Normal cardiac function requires that intracellular Ca2+ concentration be reduced to low
levels in diastole so that the ventricle can relax and refill with blood. Heart failure is often …

Heart Failure (HF) is defined as the inability of the heart to efficiently pump out enough blood
to maintain the body's needs, first at exercise and then also at rest. Alterations in Ca2+ …

The new guidelines classify heart failure (HF) into three subgroups based on the ejection
fraction (EF): HF with reduced EF (HFrEF), HF with mid-range EF (HFmrEF), and HF with …

Ferroptosis is a recently identified cell death characterized by an excessive accumulation of
iron-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides. Intracellular iron …

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as the myocardial dysfunction that suffers patients with
diabetes mellitus (DM) in the absence of hypertension and structural heart diseases such as …

Aging is characterized by physiological changes within the heart leading to fibrosis and
dysfunction even in individuals without underlying pathologies. Gender has been shown to …

The current classification of heart failure (HF) based on left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction
(EF) identifies a large group of patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) with …

Heart failure (HF) remains a public health concern as it is associated with high morbidity and
death rates. In particular, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents …

Obesity induces hemodynamic and humoral changes that are associated with functional and
structural cardiac remodeling, which ultimately result in the development of heart failure (HF) …

Aims Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is frequently (30%) associated
with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, which increases morbidity and mortality in these …