Vascular calcification (VC), which is categorized by intimal and medial calcification,
depending on the site (s) involved within the vessel, is closely related to cardiovascular …

Idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones often develop attached to Randall's plaque
present on kidney papillary surfaces. Similar to the plaques formed during vascular …

Abstract The Klotho proteins, αKlotho and βKlotho, are essential components of endocrine
fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor complexes, as they are required for the high-affinity …

Rationale: Matrix vesicles (MVs), secreted by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), form
the first nidus for mineralization and fetuin-A, a potent circulating inhibitor of calcification, is …

AGE/RAGE signaling has been a well‐studied cascade in many different disease states,
particularly diabetes. Due to the complex nature of the receptor and multiple intersecting …

The Western pattern diet is rich not only in fat and calories but also in phosphate. The
negative effects of excessive fat and calorie intake on health are widely known, but the …

This review focuses on the association between vascular calcification and arterial stiffness,
highlighting the important genetic factors, systemic and local microenvironmental signals …

Fetuin-A is a heterodimeric plasma glycoprotein containing an A-chain of 282 amino acids
and a B-chain of 27 amino acid residues linked by a single inter-disulfide bond. It is …

Abstract Increased extracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+] ex) trigger activation of the
NLRP3 inflammasome in monocytes through calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). To prevent …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have
significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that is in part due to the development of …