The control of body and organ growth is essential for the development of adults with proper
size and proportions, which is important for survival and reproduction. In animals, adult body …

Carbohydrate metabolism is essential for cellular energy balance as well as for the
biosynthesis of new cellular building blocks. As animal nutrient intake displays temporal …

SUMMARY Insulin-resistant,'type 2'diabetes (T2D) results from a complex interplay between
genes and environment. In particular, both caloric excess and obesity are strongly …

Many male animals wield ornaments or weapons of exaggerated proportions. We propose
that increased cellular sensitivity to signaling through the insulin/insulin-like growth factor …

The mechanisms that control the sizes of a body and its many parts remain among the great
puzzles in developmental biology. Why do animals grow to a species‐specific body size …

Males and females of nearly all animals differ in their body size, a phenomenon called
sexual size dimorphism (SSD). The degree and direction of SSD vary considerably among …

The insulin signalling pathway is highly conserved from mammals to Drosophila. Insulin
signalling in the fly, as in mammals, regulates a number of physiological functions, including …

Background: The timely onset of metamorphosis in holometabolous insects depends on
their reaching the appropriate size known as critical weight. Once critical weight is reached …

Body size affects important fitness variables such as mate selection, predation and tolerance
to heat, cold and starvation. It is therefore subject to intense evolutionary selection. Recent …

Size control depends on both the regulation of growth rate and the control over when to stop
growing. Studies of Drosophila melanogaster have shown that insulin and Target of …