Without monitoring and enforcement, environmental laws are largely nonbinding guidance.
Although economists and philosophers have thought seriously about the broader public …

Environmental concerns have been moving up on the agendas of policy makers in
industrialized states, mostly involving debates about the stringency of environmental …

Environmental non-compliance is affected by the decentralized shaping of environmental
policy by local governments and enforcement actions by public bodies. Illegal waste …

Relying on a small natural field experiment conducted by the Norwegian Environmental
Protection Agency, I estimate effects of three fundamental elements of most monitoring and …

Effective implementation of environmental regulations is an important concern for emerging
economies that face serious environmental degradation. In this paper we analyze …

Regulatory agencies, auditing firms, and supply chain partners externally promote change in
firms. To this end, they commonly employ two different and somewhat contradictory …

For a long time environmental lawyers and law and economics scholars have developed
theoretical assumptions concerning the functioning of various instruments and their ability to …

Purpose Drawing on the international business and game theory literature, this study
assesses foreign firm treatment in the early stages of regulatory enforcement …

Increasingly enforcement of regulation is based on a risk-based or so-called smart
enforcement. Smart enforcement implies that enforcement does not take place via ad …

This chapter deals with the application of economic theories of criminal law to environmental
pollution. The chapter starts by addressing why environmental pollution needs to be …