Three factors and their interaction effects are increasingly recognized as important
determinants of nest predation: nest concealment, nest height, and predator type. The risk of …

Freshwater wetlands and their biodiversity have suffered substantial losses globally, mainly
due to the drainage of wetlands for agriculture. Recent studies suggest that small drainage …

The close resemblance between the common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus, and the Eurasian
sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus, is often viewed as Batesian mimicry evolved by the cuckoo in …

The decision to flee from an approaching threat represents a trade‐off between the costs
and benefits of flight. In research to date, particular interest has been given to the effects of …

Boldness, defined as the behavioural response of individuals when facing a risky situation,
is a major personality trait and often phenotypically correlates with other behavioural traits …

We studied the ability of Red-backed Shrikes to adjust their nest defence to the potential
threat posed to defending adults and their nests. We presented mounts of two raptor spe …

Nest predation is a primary cause of reproductive failure in birds; thus, predators apply
strong selective pressure on nesting behaviour, especially risk assessment behaviours …

When they detect a predator, many birds exhibit mobbing behaviour and produce mobbing
calls that quickly draw other prey against the predator. This anti-predator strategy often …

Continuous exposure to human activity has led to considerable behavioural changes in
some wildlife populations. Animals are more likely to survive in a changing environment by …

The presence of recreational trails can impact breeding birds either indirectly by altering
habitat or the movement patterns of predators or directly if the presence of humans disturbs …