Mendelian randomization (MR) is a term that applies to the use of genetic variation to
address causal questions about how modifiable exposures influence different outcomes …

Background Variation in adiposity is associated with cardiometabolic disease outcomes, but
mechanisms leading from this exposure to disease are unclear. This study aimed to estimate …

Background The prevalence of obesity has increased in the United Kingdom, and reliably
measuring the impact on quality of life and the total healthcare cost from obesity is key to …

Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies, which investigate causal effects of exposures on
disease, might be biased by sample selection and misclassification if phenotypes are not …

Partial Identification of the Average Causal Effect in Multi... : Epidemiology Partial Identification
of the Average Causal Effect in Multiple Study Populations: The Challenge of Combining …

Understanding the causal impact that clinical risk factors have on healthcare-related costs is
critical to evaluate healthcare interventions. Here, we used a genetically-informed design …

Accurate measurement of the effects of disease status on healthcare costs is important in the
pragmatic evaluation of interventions but is complicated by endogeneity bias. Mendelian …

We use the genetic risk exclusively related to body mass index as an instrumental variable
to examine the causal effects of childhood obesity on educational achievements. We find …

Asthma is a complex disease that is reportedly associated with insomnia. However, the
causal directionality of this association is still unclear. We used asthma and insomnia …

Background With the introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with
HIV (PLWH) are surviving longer and are at risk for developing metabolic abnormalities that …