Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is defined by an ejection fraction (EF)
below 40%. Many distinct disease processes culminate in HFrEF, among them acute and …

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the western world. Heart failure is a
heterogeneous and complex syndrome, arising from various etiologies, which result in …

Background Swine are recognized animal models of human cardiovascular diseases.
Normal values of cardiac morphology and function have been published for swine but for …

Despite advances in the management of iron deficiency in heart failure (HF), the
mechanisms underlying the effects of treatment remain to be established. Iron distribution …

Background/Aims: Heart failure induced by tachycardia, the most common arrhythmia, is
frequently observed in clinical practice. This study was designed to investigate the …

Background The molecular mechanisms through which high‐demand pacing induce
myocardial dysfunction remain unclear. Methods and Results We created atrioventricular …

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the remodeling of extracellular matrix in
various tissues. Their functioning could be related to the formation of complexes, containing …

In clinical practice, atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in humans
and it may lead to numerous complications, including central nervous system embolism. The …

Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is crucial for physiological tissue repair and
pathophysiological myocardial remodeling. The regulation of its functioning has been shown …

Background Mechanical dyssynchrony associated with rapid pacing induces cardiac cell
stress and myocardial apoptotic pathway activation that has been implicated in the …