Orally administered probiotics encounter various challenges on their journey through the
mouth, stomach, intestine and colon. The health benefits of probiotics are diminished mainly …

Polysaccharides are dominant features of most bacterial surfaces and are displayed in
different formats. Many bacteria produce abundant long-chain capsular polysaccharides …

INTRODUCTION Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant mammalian antibody
isotype, constituting more than 80% of all antibody-secreting plasma cells at steady state …

Highlights•Various probiotic effector molecules have been identified that mediate specific
aspects of probiotic modes of action.•Genome editing and related molecular approaches are …

A wide range of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is able to produce capsular or extracellular
polysaccharides, with various chemical compositions and properties. Polysaccharides …

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are surface carbohydrate polymers present in most bacteria
acting as a protective surface layer but also interacting with the surrounding environment …

Probiotics are live bacteria, generally administered in food, conferring beneficial effects to
the host because they help to prevent or treat diseases, the majority of which are …

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is one of the most widely used probiotic strains. Various
health effects are well documented including the prevention and treatment of gastro …

The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is a complex assemblage of glycopolymers and
proteins. It consists of a thick peptidoglycan sacculus that surrounds the cytoplasmic …

The ability to produce polysaccharides with diverse biological functions is widespread in
bacteria. In lactic acid bacteria (LAB), production of polysaccharides has long been …