OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the oral mucosal disorders associated
with habitual gutka consumption. METHODS: Databases were searched from 1956 to June …

Areca nut (AN) is consumed by millions of people for its therapeutic and psychoactive
effects, making it one of the most widely self-administered psychoactive substances in the …

Betel quid (BQ) chewing is a common oral habit in South Asia and Taiwan. BQ consumption
may increase the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral submucous fibrosis …

A number of drugs undergo extensive first-pass metabolism after oral administration,
necessitating large doses for effective therapeutic responses in the body. Buccal …

There are 2 to 6 billion betel quid (BQ) chewers in the world. Areca nut (AN), a BQ
component, modulates arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, which is crucial for platelet …

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic fibrotic remodeling disease that can progress to
oral cancer. However, efficient clinical diagnosis and treatment methods for OSF are still …

The availability of human tissue for experimental purposes is often problematical and use is
thus made of animal tissue as models of the human tissue. In this study, porcine vaginal …

5.12. 2 The Human Vagina 5.12. 2.1 Anatomy 5.12. 2.2 Histology 5.12. 2.3 Physiology 5.12.
2.4 Childhood, Pregnancy, and Menopause 5.12. 3 General Features of Vaginal Drug …

Aims: Arecoline, a predominant alkaloid present in arecanut, has been implicated in the
pathogenesis of several oral diseases because of its mutagenic and carcinogenic potential …

Our previous experience with a continuous flow-through perfusion system has demonstrated
its usefulness for studying diffusion kinetics of drugs across small intestinal mucosa for …