Research work in the area of the Global Electric Circuit (GEC) has rapidly expanded in
recent years mainly through observations of lightning from satellites and ground-based …

A description is given of the global atmospheric electric circuit operating between the Earth's
surface and the ionosphere. Attention is drawn to the huge range of horizontal and vertical …

Several processes acting below, in and above thunderstorms and in electrified shower
clouds drive upward currents which close through the global atmospheric electric circuit …

The physics of solar forcing of the climate and long term climate change is summarized, and
the role of energetic charged particles (including cosmic rays) on cloud formation and their …

Recent development in lightning discharges including transient luminous events (TLEs) and
global electric circuit are discussed. Role of solar activity, convective available potential …

A quantitative model of the global atmospheric electric circuit has been constructed using
the PSpice electrical engineering software package. Currents (∼ 1 kA) above thunderstorms …

The galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) originating from astrophysical sources and traversing
through the interstellar/interplanetary medium reach the terrestrial atmosphere and produce …

Investigation of coupling mechanisms between the troposphere and the ionosphere requires
a multidisciplinary approach involving several branches of atmospheric sciences, from …

Thunderstorms and the lightning that they produce are inherently interesting phenomena
that have intrigued scientists and mankind in general for many years. The study of …

In this paper, electronic ceramics with multiple functions are studied for the first time and
prepared by the traditional solid-phase sintering method. These electronic ceramics were …