Intracellular delivery is a key step in biological research and has enabled decades of
biomedical discoveries. It is also becoming increasingly important in industrial and medical …

When high-amplitude, short-duration pulsed electric fields are applied to cells and tissues,
the permeability of the cell membranes and tissue is increased. This increase in permeability …

Gene therapy is becoming an increasingly valuable tool to treat many genetic diseases with
no or limited treatment options. This is the case for hundreds of monogenic metabolic …

Gene therapy is a promising new technique for treating many serious incurable diseases,
such as cancer and genetic disorders. The main problem limiting the application of this …

Electroporation designates the use of short high‐voltage pulses to overcome the barrier of
the cell membrane. By applying an external electric field, which just surpasses the …

Among the nonviral techniques for gene transfer in vivo, the direct injection of plasmid DNA
into muscle is simple, inexpensive, and safe. Applications of this method have been limited …

The polycation polyethylenimine (PEI) has recently been widely employed for the design of
DNA delivery vehicles. Gene delivery using PEI involves condensation of DNA into compact …

The transfer of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) into living cells, that is, transfection, is a major
technique in current biochemistry and molecular biology. This process permits the selective …

Gene delivery to skeletal muscle is a promising strategy for the treatment of muscle
disorders and for the systemic secretion of therapeutic proteins. However, present DNA …

Gene delivery has attracted increasing interest as a highly promising therapeutic method to
treat various diseases, including both genetic and acquired disorders. Viral-vectors based …