Vaccination was first pioneered in the 18th century by Edward Jenner and eventually led to
the development of the smallpox vaccine and subsequently the eradication of smallpox. The …

Highlights•CVs have been characterized by positive safety and immunogenicity profiles but
low levels of clinical efficacy.•Novel CV strategies entail personalized formulations and …

Despite the significant increase in our knowledge on cancer initiation and progression, and
the development of novel cancer treatments, overall patient survival rates have thus far only …

Survival of gastrointestinal cancer remains dismal, especially for metastasized disease. For
various cancers, especially melanoma and lung cancer, immunotherapy has been proven to …

Background Stress-induced post-translational modifications occur during autophagy and
can result in generation of new epitopes and immune recognition. One such modification is …

The potency of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16)-encoded synthetic long peptides
(SLP), conjugated to an optimized Toll-like receptor 2 ligand (TLR2-L), was assessed in ex …

Induction of a potent CD4 and CD8 T cell response against tumor-specific and tumor-
associated antigens is critical for eliminating tumor cells. Recent vaccination strategies have …

Therapeutic cancer vaccines trigger CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses capable of
established tumor eradication. Current platforms include DNA, mRNA and synthetic long …

Simultaneous triggering of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) has
previously been shown to synergistically activate monocytes, dendritic cells, and …

Conjugation of a vaccine adjuvant to an antigen enhances anti-tumor immune responses.
Direct chemical conjugation, however, may limit their processing by the antigen-presenting …