Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in the world, yet the precise cause of
elevated blood pressure often cannot be determined. Animal models have been useful for …

That the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in regulation of blood pressure,
vasoconstriction, sodium intake and potassium excretion is well established. Studies in the …

It has become clear that reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the development of
hypertension via myriad effects. ROS are essential for normal cell function, however they …

Salt-sensing mechanisms in hypertension involving the kidney, vasculature, and central
nervous system have been well studied; however, recent studies suggest that immune cells …

Ample genetic and physiological evidence establishes that renal salt handling is a critical
regulator of blood pressure. Studies also establish a role for the immune system, T-cell …

Background—Hypertensive target organ damage, especially cardiac hypertrophy with heart
failure and arrhythmia, is a major source of morbidity and mortality. Angiotensin II, a major …

Significance: Innate and adaptive immunity play fundamental roles in the development of
hypertension and its complications. As effectors of the cell-mediated immune response …

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a monocarboxypeptidase capable of
metabolizing angiotensin (Ang) II into Ang 1 to 7. We hypothesized that ACE2 is a negative …

Activation of the immune system by ANG II contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension,
and pharmacological suppression of lymphocyte responses can ameliorate hypertensive …

Oxidative stress is a major hallmark of cardiovascular diseases although a causal link was
so far not proven by large clinical trials. However, there is a close association between …