The past decades have witnessed great progress in cancer immunotherapy, which has
profoundly revolutionized oncology, whereas low patient response rates and potential …

Radiotherapy (RT) uses ionizing radiation to eradicate localized tumors and, in rare cases,
control tumors outside of the irradiated fields via stimulating an antitumor immune response …

The desirable curative effect in clinical immunotherapy has been challenging due to the
immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) with high lactic acid (LA) metabolism in …

Ferroptosis is a recently discovered route of regulated cell death that offers the opportunities
for the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant tumor indications, but its efficacy can be affected …

The limitations of traditional cancer treatments are driving the creation and development of
new nanomedicines. At present, with the rapid increase of research on nanomedicine in the …

The hypoxia microenvironment of solid tumors poses a technological bottleneck for
ferroptosis and immunotherapy in clinical oncology. Nanoreactors based on special …

Nano‐immunotherapy has been recognized as a highly promising strategy for cancer
treatment in recent decades, which combines nanotechnology and immunotherapy to …

Reprogramming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by modulating
macrophages holds great promise in tumor immunotherapy. As a class of professional …

Lactate in tumors has long been considered “metabolic junk” derived from the glycolysis of
cancer cells and utilized only as a biomarker of malignancy, but is presently believed to be a …

The tumor microenvironment (TME), including intracellular and extracellular
microenvironment, contains many biochemical indicators (such as acidity/alkalinity, oxygen …