This review focuses on the effects that ischemia and hypoxia have on the cerebral cortex
and the cerebellum during different periods of life. The acute interruption or reduction of …

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a variety of physiological and pathological roles in mammalian cells.
In the central nervous system NO may behave as a second messenger, neuromodulator …

Clinical observations suggest that certain gut and dietary factors may transiently worsen
symptoms in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), epilepsy and some inheritable metabolic …

Central nervous system (CNS) inflammation in cases such as head trauma, infection and
stroke has been associated with the occurrence of epileptic seizures. Microglia, the principal …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive free radical that is involved in a variety of different
biological process. In recent reports, the putative role of NO in the neuropathogenesis of …

Alterations in the balance of inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission have been
implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders such as epilepsy. Eukaryotic …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases inflammatory cytokines of the brain and deregulates the
mitochondrial function, thus could increase the seizure susceptibility. Studies have shown …

Mutations in the CLN3 gene, which encodes a lysosomal membrane protein, are
responsible for the neurodegenerative disorder juvenile Batten disease. A previous study on …

Melatonin, the major hormone produced by the pineal gland, is shown to have
anticonvulsant effects. Nitric oxide (NO) is a known mediator in seizure susceptibility …

Ischaemic, excitotoxic and traumatic brain injuries have been associated with the
occurrence of epileptic seizures. Microglia, the principal immune cells in the brain, produce …