Although the oceans play a fundamental role in shaping the distribution and function of coral
reefs worldwide, a modern understanding of the complex interactions between ocean and …

The interaction of coral reefs, both chemically and physically, with the surrounding seawater
is governed, at the smallest scales, by turbulence. Here, we review recent progress in …

Ocean acidification refers to the lowering of the ocean's pH due to the uptake of
anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere. Coral reef calcification is expected to decrease as …

Worldwide, coral reef ecosystems are experiencing increasing pressure from a variety of
anthropogenic perturbations including ocean warming and acidification, increased …

We present a week of observations of wave dissipation on the south forereef of Palmyra
Atoll. Using wave measurements made in 6.2 m and 11.2 m of water offshore of the surf …

Kelp forests are among the world's most productive marine ecosystems, and they have the
potential to locally ameliorate ocean acidification (OA). In order to understand the …

Coral reefs are built of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) produced biogenically by a diversity of
calcifying plants, animals, and microbes. As the ocean warms and acidifies, there is …

Coral reefs are threatened worldwide, and there is a need to develop new approaches to
monitor reef health under natural conditions. Because simultaneous measurements of net …

Long-term coral reef resilience to multiple stressors depends on their ability to maintain
positive calcification rates. Estimates of coral ecosystem calcification and organic …

Understanding the temporal dynamics of present thermal and pH exposure on coral reefs is
crucial for elucidating reef response to future global change. Diel ranges in temperature and …