Thyroid hormone (TH) regulates many functions including metabolism, cell differentiation,
and nervous system development. Alteration of thyroid hormone level in the body can lead …

Hypothyroidism (HPT) HPT could be a risk factor for the development and progression of
Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, progressive neurodegeneration in AD may affect the …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a gradually rising metabolic disease which is currently affecting
millions of people worldwide. Diabetes is associated with various complications like …

Imbalances in thyroid hormones have been linked with Alzheimer's dementia. Several
studies have reported an association between thyroid disorders, such as hyper-or …

Cadmium (Cd) produces cognition decline following single and repeated treatment,
although the complete mechanisms are still unrevealed. Basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic …

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to
produce and release thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine and triiodothyronine. These …

Thyroid hormones (THs) play a critical function in fundamental signaling of the body
regulating process such as metabolism of glucose and lipids, cell maturation and …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex age-related neurodegenerative disease, associated
with central and peripheral metabolic anomalies, such as impaired glucose utilization and …

The incidence of dementia is steadily increasing worldwide. The risk factors for dementia are
diverse, and include genetic background, environmental factors, sex differences, and …

Alterations in metabolic parameters have been associated with an increased risk of
dementia, among which thyroid function has gained great importance in Alzheimer's disease …