Ratcheting effect refers to the cyclic accumulation of plastic strain under alternating load, is
one of the reasons leading to the failure of mechanical structures. The concept of structural …

This study determines the plastic, shakedown and elastic limit loads and the corresponding
regimes of 90° pressurized pipe bends with shape imperfections subjected to cyclic in-plane …

The present work quantifies the effect of ovality and wall thinning on plastic, shakedown and
elastic limit load of pipe bends under cyclic in-plane closing bending load and internal …

This research studies the effect of wall thinning on generated shakedown (SD) interaction
diagrams of pressurized low-carbon steel 90-degree (90-Deg) back-to-back (B2B) bends …

Elbow joints in pressurized tubular structures experience biaxial stress due to their
geometry. Under cyclic flexural loading, cross-sectional ovalization is the primary damage …

In this paper, the linear matching method (LMM) is used to study the shakedown limit of
elbow pipes under coupled cyclic mechanical-thermal load. Firstly, the thermal stress …

A methodology that targets determining the shakedown (SD) limit loads via computing the
plastic work dissipation (PWD) is presented. The methodology is termed: Shakedown Limit …

The present research revisits rare experiments which determined elastic shakedown (SD)
limit pressures of full scale radial and oblique nozzles partially penetrating spherical …

In this study, the ratcheting responses of pressurized long and short radius 90° elbow pipes
made of 304L austenitic stainless steel under displacement-controlled cyclic loading is …

Abstract Bree Interaction Diagrams have long been one of the major visual design guides for
employing and evaluating shakedown in engineering applications. These diagrams provide …