The last decade has been marked by tremendous progress in our understanding of the cell
biology of mitochondria, with the identification of molecules and mechanisms that regulate …

Protons dictate the charge and structure of macromolecules and are used as energy
currency by eukaryotic cells. The unique function of individual organelles therefore depends …

Current approaches for the production of high-value compounds in microorganisms mostly
use the cytosol as a general reaction vessel. However, competing pathways and metabolic …

Peroxisomes carry out various oxidative reactions that are tightly regulated to adapt to the
changing needs of the cell and varying external environments. Accordingly, they are …

Leptin is the most critical hormone in the homeostatic regulation of energy balance among
those so far discovered. Leptin primarily acts on the neurons of the mediobasal part of …

RIG-I is a cytosolic pathogen recognition receptor that engages viral RNA in infected cells to
trigger innate immune defenses through its adaptor protein MAVS. MAVS resides on …

More than a billion years ago, bacterial precursors of mitochondria became endosymbionts
in what we call eukaryotic cells today. The true significance of the word “endosymbiont” has …

Peroxisomes are eukaryotic organelles that are highly dynamic both in morphology and
metabolism. Plant peroxisomes are involved in numerous processes, including primary and …

Summary Tail-anchored (TA) proteins, defined by the presence of a single C-terminal
transmembrane domain (TMD), play critical roles throughout the secretory pathway and in …

Peroxisomes are key metabolic organelles, which contribute to cellular lipid metabolism, eg
the β-oxidation of fatty acids and the synthesis of myelin sheath lipids, as well as cellular …