A survey of the literature is presented that provides an analysis of the optical properties of
human skin, with particular regard to their applications in medicine. Included is a description …

Background For many applications in research, material development and testing, physical
skin models are preferable to the use of human skin, because more reliable and …

Spaceflight can change metabolic, immunological, and biological homeostasis and cause
skin rashes and irritation, yet the molecular basis remains unclear. To investigate the impact …

Needle-free jet injectors have been proposed as an alternative to injections with hypodermic
needles. Currently, a handful of commercial needle-free jet injectors already exist. However …

There is a distinct boundary between the dermis and epidermis in the human skin called the
basement membrane, a dense collagen network that creates undulations of the dermal …

Diabetic foot ulceration is a major complication of diabetes and afflicts as many as 15 to 25%
of type 1 and 2 diabetes patients during their lifetime. If untreated, diabetic foot ulcers may …

The Sun has played a major role in the development of life on Earth. In Western culture,
people are warned against Sun exposure because of its adverse effects: erythema …

Purpose The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the most investigated optical
diagnostic techniques: optical coherence tomography, fluorescence spectrometry …

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic disease that significantly reduces patients' quality of
life. Patients are chronically treated with systemic therapies, which are often ineffective …

Foot ulceration remains a serious health concern for diabetic patients and has a major
impact on the cost of diabetes treatment. Early detection and preventive care, such as …