Carbohydrates are the most abundant and one of the most important biomacromolecules in
Nature. Except for energy-related compounds, carbohydrates can be roughly divided into …

Personalized cancer vaccines (PCVs) are reinvigorating vaccine strategies in cancer
immunotherapy. In contrast to adoptive T-cell therapy and checkpoint blockade, the PCV …

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II are glycoproteins that can present
antigenic peptides at the cell surface for recognition and activation of circulating T …

C-type lectins (CTLs) represent the most complex family of animal/human lectins that
comprises 17 different groups. During evolution, CTLs have developed by diversification to …

Glycans are key participants in biological processes ranging from reproduction to cellular
communication to infection. Revealing glycan roles and the underlying molecular …

C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are important pattern recognition receptors involved in
recognition and induction of adaptive immunity to pathogens. Certain CLRs play an …

The beginning of the 20 th century marked the dawn of modern medicine with glycan-based
therapies at the forefront. However, glycans quickly became overshadowed as DNA-and …

C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) represent a large receptor family including collectins,
selectins, lymphocyte lectins, and proteoglycans. CLRs share a structurally homologous …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly specialized antigen presenting cells of the immune system
which play a key role in regulating immune responses. Depending on the method of antigen …

N-glycosylation is one of major post-translational modifications in nature, and it is essential
for protein structure and function. As hydrophilic moieties of glycoproteins, N-glycans play …