The hypersensitive defence response is found in all higher plants and is characterized by a
rapid cell death at the point of pathogen ingress. It is usually associated with pathogen …

Plants and pathogens constantly adapt to each other. As a consequence, many members of
the plant immune system, and especially the intracellular nucleotide-binding site leucine …

Plant-associated microorganisms have been shown to critically affect host physiology and
performance, suggesting that evolution and ecology of plants and animals can only be …

The microbial communities inhabiting the root interior of healthy plants, as well as the
rhizosphere, which consists of soil particles firmly attached to roots, engage in symbiotic …

Plants have evolved an array of defenses against pathogens. However, mounting a defense
response frequently comes with the cost of a reduction in growth and reproduction, carrying …

Studies in diverse biological systems have indicated that host–parasite co-evolution is
responsible for the extraordinary genetic diversity seen in some genomic regions, such as …

Harnessing natural genetic variation is an established alternative to artificial genetic
variation for investigating the molecular dialog between partners in plant pathosystems …

Contents Summary 70 I. Introduction 70 II. Ancient associations between plants and
microbes 72 III. Evolutionary dynamics of plant–pathogen interactions 74 IV. Evolutionary …

Wild animals and plants have developed a variety of adaptive traits driven by adaptive
evolution, an important strategy for species survival and persistence. Uncovering the …

Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) monitor the plant intracellular
environment for signs of pathogen infection. Several mechanisms of NLR-mediated …