Objectives Physical inactivity is a risk factor for premature mortality and several non-
communicable diseases. The purpose of this study was to estimate the global burden …

Introduction: Obesity constitutes a major public health problem in Europe, but how the
obesity epidemic in European countries will evolve remains unknown. Most previous obesity …

Background In recent years, there have been adverse trends in premature cardiovascular
disease (CVD) mortality rates (35–74 years) in the USA and Australia. Following long-term …

Introduction: In Europe, women can expect to live on average 82 years and men 75 years.
Forecasting how life expectancy will develop in the future is essential for society. Most …

Background Smoking, obesity and alcohol abuse greatly affect mortality and exhibit a
distinct time dynamic, with their prevalence and associated mortality rates increasing and …

Background Interpretive front-of-pack labels (FoPLs) are supported by World Health
Organization as an important policy tool to promote healthy diets. At present, various FoPLs …

Background Twenty years after the 2004 European Union (EU) enlargement, life expectancy
differences between established (EMS) and new member states (NMS) remain large …

Background In recent years, there has been a lot of discussion over the impact of ultra-
processed foods (UPFs) intake on overall health of subjects. However, the association …

The mammalian female is born with a limited ovarian reserve of primordial follicles. These
primordial follicles are slowly activated throughout the reproductive lifecycle, thereby …

This article provides a detailed and overarching illustration of the contribution of smoking to
sex differences in life expectancy at birth (e0) in Europe, focusing on changes over time and …