The focal concerns framework is widely used in research on sentencing, although the
empirical validity of the framework itself is seldom directly evaluated. To fill this gap, we use …

Research shows that federal punishment disparity between Hispanic and white defendants
varies according to federal district court contexts. Recent sociological scholarship has also …

Given the salience of the principle of equality before the law, there is growing interest in
understanding the relationship between immigration and sentencing disparities; however …

Foreign nationals are increasingly encountering the criminal justice institutions of many
European countries. Yet, basic questions about how they are punished within these …

The Digital Humanities face the problem of multiple hypothesis testing: Evermore
hypotheses are tested until a desired pattern has been found. This practice is prone to …

Immigration enforcement is increasingly dependent on local criminal justice authorities, yet
basic questions on the criminal case processing of non-US citizens (documented or …

Overrepresentation of foreigners in prisons is a well-established fact in Spain. However,
there is a lack of empirical studies exploring the causes of this overrepresentation. Based on …

Many migrants remain in host countries under a state of undeportability—a paradoxical
circumstance in which they confront both an extreme unlikelihood of deportation and an …

Legal scholars researching the significance of citizenship and migration status for
criminalisation often rely on legal categories to identify research participants. In doing so …

How does justice for non-citizens look like? This book provides a nuanced cross-section of
how criminal courts deliver justice to non-citizens, investigating rationales and purposes of …