Exceptional efforts have been undertaken to shed light into the biology of adaptive immune
responses to SARS-CoV-2. T cells occupy a central role in adaptive immunity to mediate …

Vaccines induce specific long-term immunological memory against pathogens, preventing
the worsening of diseases. The COVID-19 health emergency has caused more than 6 …

The durability of vaccine-mediated immunity to SARS-CoV-2, the durations to breakthrough
infection, and the optimal timings of booster vaccination are crucial knowledge for pandemic …

Currently, vaccination is the most effective medical measure to improve group immunity and
prevent the rapid spread of COVID-19. Since the individual difference of vaccine …

Although mRNA vaccines encoding the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prevent COVID-19, the emergence of new viral variants …

Abstract mRNA vaccines were the first to be authorized for use against SARS-CoV-2 and
have since demonstrated high efficacy against serious illness and death. However …

Immunosurveillance by evaluating anti-spike protein receptor-binding domain (S-RBD)
antibodies represents a useful tool to estimate the long immunity against Severe Acute …

The COVID-19 pandemic placed the field of vaccinology squarely at the center of global
consciousness, emphasizing the vital role of vaccines as transformative public health tools …

Background Currently, evaluation of the IgG antibodies specific for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike
protein following vaccination is used worldwide to estimate vaccine response. Limited data …

SpikoGen® is a subunit recombinant spike protein vaccine combined with Advax‐CpG55.
2™ adjuvant. This COVID‐19 vaccine was shown to be safe, immunogenic and efficacious …