The limited ability of current influenza virus vaccines to protect from antigenically drifted or
shifted viruses creates a public health problem that has led to the need to develop effective …

Hemagglutinin (HA) is a transmembrane protein of the influenza A virus and a key
component in its life cycle. The protein allows the virus to enter a host cell by recognizing …

Human seasonal influenza viruses evolve rapidly, enabling the virus population to evade
immunity and reinfect previously infected individuals. Antigenic properties are largely …

The global-scale epidemiology and genome-wide evolutionary dynamics of influenza B
remain poorly understood compared with influenza A viruses. We compiled a spatio …

An alternative, more rapid, sequence‐free approach to build phylogenetic trees has been
conceived and implemented. Molecular phylogenetics has continued to mostly focus on …

Protection from influenza virus infection is canonically associated with antibodies that
neutralize the virus by blocking the interaction between the viral hemagglutinin and host cell …

Seasonal influenza virus epidemics represent a significant public health burden.
Approximately 25% of all influenza virus infections are caused by type B viruses, and these …

Influenza B virus primarily infects humans, causing seasonal epidemics globally. Two
antigenic variants—Victoria-like and Yamagata-like—were detected in the 1980s, of which …

Influenza is a highly contagious viral respiratory disease that affects millions of people
worldwide each year. Annual vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization …

Influenza B viruses (IBV) drive a significant proportion of influenza-related hospitalisations
yet are understudied compared to influenza A. Current vaccines target the head of the viral …