The CO 2 concentration of air has increased over the last two centuries and recently surpassed 400 ppm. Carbon cycle models project CO 2 concentrations of 720 to 1000 ppm …
Ocean acidification (OA) is considered an important threat to coral reef ecosystems, because it reduces the availability of carbonate ions that reef-building corals need to produce their …
Scleractinian (hard) corals are fundamental to the geomorphology, biodiversity, and structure of coral reef ecosystems (Goreau 1963, Hoegh-Guldberg 2004, Pratchett et al …
On the iconic Great Barrier Reef (GBR), the cumulative impacts of tropical cyclones, marine heatwaves and regular outbreaks of coral-eating crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS) have …
'Multiple drivers'(also termed 'multiple stressors') is the term used to describe the cumulative effects of multiple environmental factors on organisms or ecosystems. Here, we consider …
Increased temperature and CO 2 levels are considered key drivers of coral reef degradation. However, individual assessments of ecological responses (calcification) to these stressors …
Ocean acidification (OA) is a major threat to coral reefs, which are built by calcareous species. However, long-term assessments of the impacts of OA are scarce, limiting the …
Ocean deoxygenation threatens the persistence of coastal ecosystems worldwide. Despite an increasing awareness that coastal deoxygenation impacts tropical habitats, there …
For reef framework to persist, calcium carbonate production by corals and other calcifiers needs to outpace loss due to physical, chemical, and biological erosion. This balance is …