Metabolomics uses advanced analytical chemistry techniques to enable the high-throughput
characterization of metabolites from cells, organs, tissues, or biofluids. The rapid growth in …

The accurate definition and staging of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major
achievements of modern nephrology. Intensive research is now being undertaken to unravel …

Homeostasis is a prerequisite for health. When homeostasis becomes disrupted, dysfunction
occurs. This is especially the case for the gut microbiota, which under normal conditions …

Abstract The theme of World Kidney Day 2017 is' kidney disease and obesity: healthy
lifestyle for healthy kidneys'. To mark this event, Nature Reviews Nephrology invited five …

Overnutrition and sedentary lifestyle result in overweight or obesity defined as abnormal or
excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. According to the WHO, the worldwide …

Probiotics are the focus of a thorough investigation as a natural biotreatment due to their
various health-promoting effects and inherent ability to fight specific diseases including …

Experimental evidence suggests that higher levels of urea may increase insulin resistance
and suppress insulin secretion. However, whether higher levels of blood urea nitrogen …

Disorders of glucose homeostasis are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are
associated with increased mortality, but the mechanisms of impaired insulin secretion in this …

In developed countries, diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and
accounts for 50% of incidence of end stage kidney disease. Despite declining prevalence of …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dialysis have higher mortality than those
without, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death. As CVD is caused by …