In the monkey brain, two interconnected cortical areas have distinctive neuronal responses
to visual, tactile, and auditory stimuli. These areas are the ventral intraparietal area (VIP) and …

The map of the body in the motor cortex is one of the most iconic images in neuroscience.
The map, however, is not perfect. It contains overlaps, reversals, and fractures. The complex …

Electrical microstimulation was used to study primary motor and premotor cortex in monkeys.
Each stimulation train was 500 ms in duration, approximating the time scale of normal …

Extracellular electrical stimulation of the gray matter is often used to determine the function
of a given cortical area or pathway. However, when it is used to elicit postsynaptic effects …

The supplementary motor area (SMA) occupies an expanse of frontal agranular cortex
rostral to the primary motor cortex (MI), largely in the mesial surface of the hemisphere. It is …

This review yields numerous conclusions.(1) Both unit recording and behavioral studies find
that current activates neurons (ie, cell bodies and axons) directly according to the square of …

Motor cortex in the primate brain was once thought to contain a simple map of the body's
muscles. Recent evidence suggests, however, that it operates at a radically more complex …

Electrical microstimulation has been used to elucidate cortical function. This review
discusses neuronal excitability and effective current spread estimated by using three …

A traditional view of the motor cortex in the primate brain is that it contains a map of the body
arranged across the cortical surface. This traditional topographic scheme, however, does not …

A scheme for the cortical control of saccadic eye movements is proposed based partly on
defects revealed by specific test paradigms in human with discrete lesions. Three different …