Irrespective of the morphological features of end-stage cell death (that may be apoptotic,
necrotic, autophagic, or mitotic), mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) is …

For a long time necrosis was considered as an alternative to programmed cell death,
apoptosis. Indeed, necrosis has distinct morphological features and it is accompanied by …

The highly conserved heat shock proteins (HSPs) accumulate in cells exposed to heat and a
variety of other stressful stimuli. HSPs, which function mainly as molecular chaperones …

Introduction• Main HSPs• HSPs, cell signalling and apoptosis‐HSPs' targets in upstream
signalling pathways‐HSPs' targets at the mitochondrial level‐HSPs' targets at the post …

Heat shock induced gene expression and other cellular responses help limit the damage
caused by stress and thus facilitate cellular recovery. Cellular damage also triggers …

Oxidative stress is a condition in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) or free radicals,
namely O2•–, H2O2, and• OH, are generated extra-or intracellularly and exert toxic effects …

The microRNAs miR-1 and miR-133 are preferentially expressed in cardiac and skeletal
muscles and have been shown to regulate differentiation and proliferation of these cells. We …

Stress or heat shock proteins (HSPs) are ubiquitous and highly conserved proteins whose
expression is induced in response to a wide variety of physiological and environmental …

Cyclosporin A (CsA) inhibits the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), but not always.
To characterize the CsA-sensitive and-insensitive MPT, rat liver mitochondria were exposed …

Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a family of proteins induced in cells exposed to different
insults. This induction of HSPs allows cells to survive stress conditions. Mammalian HSPs …