Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a well defined clinical syndrome characterized by recurrent
episodes of digital vasospasm triggered by exposure to physical/chemical or emotional …

Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is characterized by exaggerated cold-induced
vasoconstriction. This augmented vasoconstriction occurs by virtue of a reflex response to …

Signs and symptoms of arrhythmias or conduction defects are frequently reported in patients
with SSc. These rhythm disorders may have several origins (ie related to primary heart …

Background Calcium channel blockers are the most commonly prescribed drugs for people
with primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Primary Raynaud's phenomenon is a common …

Summary our review will help clinicians to properly integrate the available diagnostic
modalities for the assessment of SSc-pHI. The ultimate goal is to propose a feasible …

Background Many different drugs have been suggested for the symptomatic treatment of
primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Apart from calcium channel blockers, which are …

Background Numerous agents have been suggested for the symptomatic treatment of
primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Apart from calcium channel blockers, which are …

SSc is an autoimmune disease characterized by microvascular damage, endothelial
dysfunction and fibrosis of the skin and the internal organs. Cardiac manifestation in patients …

The primary goal of therapy is to reduce the frequency and intensity of Raynaud's attacks
and to minimize the related morbidity rather than to cure the underlying condition. Treatment …

Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is characterised by paroxysmal reversible episodes of
vasospasm, usually involving peripheral small vessels of the fingers or toes and resulting in …