Skeletal muscle atrophy is a pathological condition mainly characterized by a loss of
muscular mass and the contractile capacity of the skeletal muscle as a consequence of …

Heart failure (HF) is a complex chronic clinical syndrome. Energy deficit is considered to be
a key contributor to the development of both cardiac and skeletal myopathy. In HF, several …

Skeletal muscle atrophy, referred to as sarcopenia, is often observed in chronic kidney
disease (CKD) patients, especially in patients who are undergoing hemodialysis. The …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a chronic catabolic condition, is characterized by muscle
wasting and decreased muscle endurance. Many insights into the molecular mechanisms of …

Skeletal muscle is a tissue that shows the most plasticity in the body; it can change in
response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Among the diseases that affect skeletal …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathology that contains a broad liver
dysfunctions spectrum. These alterations span from noninflammatory isolated steatosis until …

Patients with heart failure (HF) usually present with skeletal muscle diseases of varying
severity, ranging from early fatigue on exercise to sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity or …

The only known function of NAD (P) H oxidases is to produce reactive oxygen species
(ROS). Skeletal muscles express three isoforms of NAD (P) H oxidases (Nox1, Nox2, and …

Cachexia is a serious complication of many chronic diseases, such as congestive heart
failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many factors are involved in the …

Inspiratory function is essential for alveolar ventilation and expulsive behaviors that promote
airway clearance (eg, coughing and sneezing). Current evidence demonstrates that …