Gender differences have been widely reported for mathematical performance tests such as
basic arithmetic tests and more complex tests such as the cognitive reflection test. The …

Gender stereotypes are believed to play a role in the heightened math anxiety (MA) reported
by female students. We investigated, first, whether adolescents hold the stereotyped beliefs …

Introduction Mental rotation is an ability that usually displays robust and large gender
differences in favor of boys and men. When participants are told that males outperform …

ABSTRACT A crucial component of mathematics curriculum in primary education is
represented by the ability to solve arithmetic word problems. Previous studies investigated …

Gender-math stereotypes are thought to be a threat for women's mathematical performance,
however, the mechanism of gender stereotype affecting mathematics achievement is not …

This study, grounded in Control Value Theory, aimed at increasing insight into how the
emotions of enjoyment and anxiety shape students' situated math competence beliefs …

Ethnic stereotype threat is a feeling of being at risk of perceiving a negative stereotype about
one's ethnicity. Conducting a lab-in-the-field experiment at 126 rural primary schools in …

Background Math anxiety (MA) is a worldwide appearing academic anxiety that can affect
student mental health and deter students from math and science‐related career choices …

Mathematics anxiety (MA), general and test anxieties affect mathematics performance.
However, little is known about how different anxiety profiles (ie individual configurations of …

The main objective of secondary education institutions is to provide quality education to its
students. One way to achieve this is by introducing various teaching methods, one of which …