The role of serotonin in depression and antidepressant treatment remains unresolved
despite decades of research. In this paper, we make three major claims. First, serotonin …

Upon receipt in the dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord, nociceptive (pain-signalling)
information from the viscera, skin and other organs is subject to extensive processing by a …

The third edition of this monograph continues to have the goal of providing an overview of
current thought about the spinal cord mechanisms that are responsible for sensory …

Norepinephrine is involved in intrinsic control of pain. Main sources of norepinephrine are
sympathetic nerves peripherally and noradrenergic brainstem nuclei A1–A7 centrally …

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) involves abnormal limb sensations that diminish with motor
activity, worsen at rest, have a circadian peak in expression in the evening and at night, and …

The dendrites of motoneurons are not, as once thought, passive conduits for synaptic inputs.
Instead they have voltage‐dependent channels that provide the capacity to generate a very …

Regaining motor function is of high priority to patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). A variety
of electronic devices that interface with the brain or spinal cord, which have applications in …

Spasticity, resulting in involuntary and sustained contractions of muscles, may evolve in
patients with stroke, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, brain injury, and spinal cord injury …

The excitability of spinal motoneurons is both fundamental for motor behavior and essential
in diagnosis of neural disorders. There are two mechanisms for altering this excitability. The …

Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke produces profound changes in physiology that may
alter responses to perioperative interventions and contribute to perioperative morbidity …