Starting from the observation that the European Union now possesses many of the attributes
of modern political systems, Hix and Høyland take an innovative approach to analysing …

The European Union seems incapable of undertaking economic reforms and defining its
place in the world. Public apathy towards the EU is also increasing, as citizens feel isolated …

Standing out from all other books on direct democracy, Citizenship and Contemporary Direct
Democracy connects the study of direct democracy to the broader field of comparative …

Previous research is unclear about who supports the use of referendums and why. One line
of research suggests that people with greater cognitive resources are more supportive of …

Centripetal democracy is the idea that legitimate democratic institutions set in motion forms
of citizen practice and representative behaviour that serve as powerful drivers of political …

Why have referendums on European integration proliferated since the 1970s? How are
referendums accommodated within member states' constitutional orders and with what …

This multimethodological study focuses on risk-induced electoral mobilization in referendum
campaigns. Positive news framing in a referendum campaign can generate a perception of …

There is an emerging scholarship on the emotional bases of political opinion and behaviour
and, in particular, the contrasting implications of two distinct negative emotions–anger and …

We argue that integrating citizen deliberation structures into the pre-referendum phase can
deliver systematic improvements in democratic outcomes such as alignment between values …

This book is about both the symbolic and the real struggles for the control of the EU's
agenda on participatory democracy in the last fifteen years. The book analyzes how civil …