Adaptation to climate change is about planning for the future while responding to current
pressures and challenges. Adaptation scientists are increasingly using future visioning …

Scientists seek to understand the causal processes that generate sustainability problems
and determine effective solutions. Yet, causal inquiry in nature–society systems is hampered …

Emerging sustainability research has called for scaling up co-production because
sustainability challenges span administrative, institutional, cultural, and physical boundaries …

Water scarcity is a critical issue worldwide and has become a major constraint on socio-
economic development. Seawater desalination is an appealing adaptation option in regions …

aDepartment of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
MI, USA, United States; bSchool of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of …

This study examines how communities of practice (CoPs) can be used for transdisciplinary
research on complex societal challenges and their importance therein. Critically, CoPs are …

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) are aggregate-level simulation models that represent
concepts as nodes, capturing relationships via weighted edges, and apply an inference …

Social-ecological systems provide a comprehensive scientific framework for understanding
the complex processes and interactions between natural and human systems. However …

Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and have increasing impacts, which
disproportionately affect marginalised and impoverished communities. This article proposes …

The data requirements of many socio-environmental system (SES) modelling studies have
increased substantially in recent years. This has made the already challenging task of data …