VISTA (V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation) is a well-established
immune regulatory receptor. However, pre-clinical investigations indicated more …

The differentiation, survival, and effector function of tumor-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells lie
at the center of antitumor immunity. Due to the lack of proper costimulation and the abundant …

V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a B7 family member that plays key
roles in maintaining T cell quiescence and regulation of myeloid cell populations, which …

Background The introduction of immunotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung
cancer (NSCLC) has resulted in a radical change in patients' treatment responses and …

Background Immune checkpoint therapies have led to significant breakthroughs in cancer
patient treatment in recent years. However, their efficiency is variable, and resistance to …

Breast cancer is the most common type of tumor in women worldwide. Immune checkpoint
inhibitors, particularly anti-PDL1, have shown promise as a therapeutic approach for …

Cancer immunotherapy represents the most dynamic field of biomedical research currently,
with thoracic immuno-oncology as a forerunner. PD-(L) 1 inhibitors are already part of …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) of the PD-1 pathway revolutionized the survival forecast
for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Yet, the majority of PD-L1+ NSCLC …

ABSTRACT Introduction CTLA-4/PD-1/PD-L1-directed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)
are one of the standard therapies for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer …

To date, certain problems have been identified in cancer immunotherapy using the inhibition
of immune checkpoints (ICs). Despite the excellent effect of cancer therapy in some cases …