In recent years, the judicialization of politics worldwide has expanded its scope to
encompass what we may term “mega-politics”—matters of outright and utmost political …

▪ Abstract The study of the European Union (EU) has been transformed during the past
decade, and three distinct theoretical approaches have emerged. The first approach, which …

Starting from the observation that the European Union now possesses many of the attributes
of modern political systems, Hix and Høyland take an innovative approach to analysing …

Why do international institutions vary so widely in terms of such key institutional features as
membership, scope, and flexibility? We argue that international actors are goal-seeking …

Observers of the European Community have criticized “intergovernmentalist” accounts for
exaggerating the extent of member-state control over European integration. This article …

Do supranational institutions matter—do they deserve the status of an independent causal
variable—in the politics of the European Community (EC)? Does the Commission of the …

Investment treaties are some of the most controversial but least understood instruments of
global economic governance. Public interest in international investment arbitration is …

Judge-made law has played a crucial role in the process of European integration. In the
vertical dimension, it has greatly reduced the range of autonomous policy choices in the …

The legitimate use of force is generally presumed to be the realm of the state. However, the
flourishing role of the private sector in security over the last twenty years has brought this …

In crowded airport terminals from Brussels to Bratislava, the European Union (EU) reaches
out to weary travelers. Posters sponsored by the European Commission and adorned with …