Cirrhosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in people with chronic liver
disease worldwide. In 2019, cirrhosis was associated with 2.4% of global deaths. Owing to …

The term cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) comprises the distinctive
spectrum of immune alterations associated with the course of end-stage liver disease …

The prevention and management of bleeding and thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis
poses several difficult clinical questions. These Clinical Practice Guidelines have been …

Acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis is defined by the development of ascites, hepatic
encephalopathy (HE) and/or variceal bleeding. Ascites is traditionally attributed to …

Background & Aims Acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis may present without acute-on-
chronic liver failure (ACLF)(AD-No ACLF), or with ACLF (AD-ACLF), defined by organ failure …

Cirrhosis–the common end-stage of chronic liver disease–is associated with a cascade of
events, of which intestinal bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis are central. Bacterial toxins …

Portal hypertension, defined as increased pressure in the portal vein, develops as a
consequence of increased intrahepatic vascular resistance due to the dysregulation of liver …

Background and aims Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterised by acute
decompensation of cirrhosis associated with organ failures. We systematically evaluated the …

Background Infection and increased systemic inflammation cause organ dysfunction and
death in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Preclinical studies provide support for an …

There is a universal agreement that the occurrence of clinical complications, such as ascites,
hepatic encephalopathy, gastrointestinal bleeding, and jaundice mark the transition from the …